姜黄药效物质基础研究进展
3.4 微量元素
张氏等[31]对各种郁金中的微量元素进行了分析,其中姜黄的块根(黄丝郁金)中含有人体所需微量元素铜、铁、锌、锰、钴等,与其他品种郁金无明显差异。
此外,易氏等[32]从姜黄的块根(黄丝郁金)中分离得到阿魏酸和阿魏酸乙酯。Majeed[33]研究表明,用热水煎煮姜黄素(curcumin),可使其分解转化为香草醛和阿魏酸。
4 讨论
笔者主要对新发现的微量姜黄素类成分和萜类成分进行了综述,对姜黄素类成分的构效关系、挥发油中主要萜类成分的构成和比例进行了小结。目前认为,这两类成分为姜黄素的主要活性成分。姜黄素的药理活性主要集中在抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、利胆、降血脂方面,而挥发油的药理活性主要集中在抗炎、抗菌方面,与中医对姜黄的论述“破血行气、通经止痛,用于胸胁刺痛、经闭、癥瘕、风湿肩臂疼痛、跌扑肿痛”基本一致。姜黄素类成分和挥发油类成分均为脂溶性成分,因此,在中医传统用药方式汤剂中溶出率较低。有文献报道,姜黄中的多糖类成分在免疫系统方面具有明显作用,因此,姜黄多糖也可能为姜黄的主要药效物质基础[30,34]。但由于多糖类成分在化学分离、鉴定方面存在难度,因此,迄今的研究文献相对较少。
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