不同时间进藏部队人员睡眠质量和认知功能的调查研究
作者：李强 杨全玉 王向阳 刘诗翔 汪洪
【摘要】 目的 探讨不同时间驻藏部队人员的睡眠质量、智商及记忆状况。方法 按在西藏高原居住时间为标准，随机抽取两个连队现役官兵148名为研究对象，分为适应组和习服期组;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和韦氏智力量表对上述2组进行问卷调查。 结果 适应组PSQI总分小于习服期组，且影响睡眠的各个因子得分除药物催眠之外，2组之间差异有统计学意义;习服期组的认知问卷各成分得分都低于适应组，且2组差异有统计学意义。结论 在高原缺氧环境下，习服期组的睡眠质量明显差于适应组，主要表现在入睡困难、日间功能障碍和主观睡眠等方面，因此，提高驻藏部队人员的睡眠质量应从这几方面着手;习服期组的认知功能分测验得分明显低于适应组，可通过平时训练，增加熟练程度，从而提高驻藏部队人员认知水平。
【关键词】 睡眠质量;认知功能;高原;部队人员;西藏
【Abstract】 Objective To acquaint the sleep quality, intelligence quotient, and memory condition about the army person who come into Tibet in different times . Methods By the time how long the army personnel come into Tibetan plateau, the two companies that had 148 persons were randomly selected as objects . Then the objects were divided into adaptation and acclimatization period. A questionnaire survey was carried out to the above groups by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale and wechsler intelligence scale. Results PQSI of adaptation groups was less than acclimatization period groups. And the scores of various factors affecting sleep quality about acclimatization period groups were more than them of adaptation groups; the different scores between the two groups except drug hypnosis had a statistical significance. The various constituents of the cognition questionnaire scores of the adaptation groups were lower than the acclimatization period groups. Therefore, the cognitive questionnaire scores between these two groups were statistically significant different. Conclusion In the environment of the plateau,the sleep quality of the acclimatization period groups is more inferior than the adaptation groups, as demonstrated by sleep difficulties, daytime dysfunction and subjective sleep. So improving sleep quality of the personnel’s stationed on Tibet should be taken from these aspects. And the cognitive function test scores of the acclimatization period groups is lower than the adaptation groups. Then, through the peacetime training, increased proficiency, therefore enhancing cognitive level of them.
【Key words】 Sleep Quality; Cognition function; Plateau; Personnel;Tibet
在高原缺氧条件下，驻藏官兵的睡眠障碍较为突出，它对人体的危害较低海拔地区更严重。睡眠障碍引起反应迟钝，应激能力下降，大大降低工作效率，不利于我国的现代化建设。现代科学技术的飞速发展，对人们的素质要求也愈来愈高，为了国家的现代化建设，需要一支精力充沛的队伍。因此找到改善西藏部队人员的睡眠状况和认知的方法势在必行，这对于进藏或驻藏人员的人文主义关怀具有重大意义。
1 对象与方法
1.1 调查对象 采用随机整群抽样法，把驻西藏部队以连为单位依次编号，随机抽取其中的2个连队现役官兵148名为研究对象。按官兵在西藏高原居住时间分为2组：适应组为在西藏服役1年以上的官兵，共73名;习服期组为进藏未超过3个月的战士，共有75名。
1.2 方法 采用问卷调查的方法对2组现役官兵进行睡眠质量及认知功能调查。匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)，其中18个自评条目参与记分，组成7个成分，分别为主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物、日间功能障碍，每个成分按0～3分等级记分。WAISRC分测验：根据垄耀先等改编的韦氏智力量表的简式用法选取言语和操作量表中的常识(I)、相似性(S)、填图(PC)和图片排列(PA)，以上4种测试结果经过换算后得到的IQ代表全量表的评定智力;记忆状况的检测：采用韦氏中的数字符号和顺背倒背及视觉持留记忆测验(VR)。
1.3 数据处理 调查问卷收集好后，由专人对每份调查问卷进行统一编码，用Epidada 3.12录入，核对校正后建立数据库，用SPSS 11. 5软件包进行数据分析。