带你轻松接触MySQL数据库的异常处理

来源:岁月联盟 编辑:zhuzhu 时间:2008-09-04
 对于MySQL的异常处理,本人不常用。不过我觉得还是有写下来的必要。

  标准格式

 DECLARE handler_type HANDLER FOR condition_value[,...] statement
  handler_type:
  CONTINUE
  | EXIT
  | UNDO --暂时不支持
  condition_value:
  SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value
  | condition_name
  | SQLWARNING
  | NOT FOUND
  | SQLEXCEPTION
  | mysql_error_code

  condition_value细节

  1、MySQL ERROR CODE 列表

  如果需要查看更多的错误列表可以直接到MySQL安装路径下。

  比如我的/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/errmsg.txt

  说明:SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value这种格式是专门为ANSI SQL 和 ODBC以及其他的标准.

  并不是所有的MySQL ERROR CODE 都映射到SQLSTATE。

  2、假如不需要插入ERROR CODE,可以用速记条件来代替

  SQLWARNING 代表所有以01开头的错误代码

  NOT FOUND 代表所有以02开头的错误代码,当然也可以代表一个游标到达数据集的末尾。

  SQLEXCEPTION 代表除了SQLWARNING和NOT FOUND 的所有错误代码。

  3、具体示例:

  create TABLE t (s1 int,primary key (s1));
  mysql> use t_girl
  Database changed
  mysql> create TABLE t (s1 int,primary key (s1));
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql>
  mysql>
  mysql> DELIMITER ||
  mysql> create PROCEDURE handlerdemo ()
  -> BEGIN
  -> DECLARE EXIT HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE ’23000’ BEGIN END; -- 遇到重复键值就退出
  -> SET @x = 1;
  -> insert INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 2;
  -> insert INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 3;
  -> END||
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> DELIMITER ;
  mysql> call handlerdemo();
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> select @x;
  +------+
  | @x |
  +------+
  | 2 |
  +------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql> call handlerdemo();
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> select @x;
  +------+
  | @x |
  +------+
  | 1 |
  +------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql>

 遇到错误继续的情况

  mysql> truncate table t;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  mysql> DELIMITER $$
  mysql> drop PROCEDURE IF exists `t_girl`.`handlerdemo`$$
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> create DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `handlerdemo`()
  -> BEGIN
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE ’23000’ BEGIN END;
  -> SET @x = 1;
  -> insert INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 2;
  -> insert INTO t VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 3;
  -> END$$
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  mysql> DELIMITER ;
  mysql> call handlerdemo();
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> select @x;
  +------+
  | @x |
  +------+
  | 3 |
  +------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql> call handlerdemo();
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> select @x;
  +------+
  | @x |
  +------+
  | 3 |
  +------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql>

  我们可以看到,始终执行到最后。

  当然,上面的SQLSTATE ’23000’可以替换为1062。

  警告:

  mysql> alter table t add s2 int not null;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

 这个列没有默认值,插入的时候会出现警告或者1364错误提示。

  mysql> DELIMITER $$
  mysql> drop PROCEDURE IF exists `t_girl`.`handlerdemo`$$
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  mysql> create DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `handlerdemo`()
  -> BEGIN
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR 1062 BEGIN END;
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLWARNING
  -> BEGIN
  -> update t set s2 = 2;
  -> END;
  -> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR 1364
  -> BEGIN
  -> insert INTO t(s1,s2) VALUES (1,3);
  -> END;
  -> SET @x = 1;
  -> insert INTO t(s1) VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 2;
  -> insert INTO t(s1) VALUES (1);
  -> SET @x = 3;
  -> END$$
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> DELIMITER ;
  mysql> call handlerdemo();
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> select * from t;
  +----+----+
  | s1 | s2 |
  +----+----+
  | 1 | 3 |
  +----+----+

  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  遇到错误时,插入的新记录。

  mysql> select @x;

  +------+

  | @x |

  +------+

  | 3 |

  +------+

  1 row in set (0.00 sec)