Ruby on rails开发(windows)(二十七)- 测试驱动开发

来源:岁月联盟 编辑:zhu 时间:2009-01-09

  在敏捷开发的实践中,测试驱动是少不了的。这篇来看看在rails中的一个测试驱动开发的例子。

  在前面我们编写并进行了一些单元测试和功能测试,现在,我们的客户突然要求添加一个功能:系统的每个用户都可以对商品进行查询。

  我们先初步的画了一些草图,来整理我们的思路和设计,然后开始写代码。对于具体的实现,我们已经有了大致的思路,但是如果有更多的反馈信息的话会有助于我们走在正确的道路上。我们会在深入到代码之前,编写测试代码。考虑我们的代码将怎样工作,确定一些规约,当测试通过,你的代码就OK了。

  现在,我们来考虑一下查询功能的测试,应该由哪个controller来控制查询操作呢?用户和管理员都可以进行查询操作,我们可以在store_controller.rb或者admin_controller.rb中添加一个search()的Action,但是这里我们添加一个SearchController,并且含有一个方法search。在rails命令行执行命令:

depot>ruby script/generate controller Search search

  我们看到,在app/controllers和test/functional目录下已经生成了对应的文件。但是现在我们并不关心SearchController的search方法的实现,我们关心的是在测试时我们所期望看到的结果。现在添加测试代码,在test/functional/search_controller_test.rb中添加test_search方法:

  我们首先想到的是调用search的Action,然后判断是否得到了响应:

get :search, :title => "Pragmatic Version Control"
assert_response :success

  根据之前的草图,我们应该在页面上显示一个flash信息,所以我们要判断flash信息的文本,以及是否显示了正确的页面:

assert_equal "Found 1 product(s).", flash[:notice]
assert_template "search/results"

  然后我们想要判断查询所得到的商品信息:

products = assigns(:products)
assert_not_nil products
assert_equal 1, products.size
assert_equal "Pragmatic Version Control", products[0].title

  我们还想判断用来显示查询结果的页面的一些内容,我们查询到的商品会作为列表在页面上显示,我们使用catelog视图相同的css样式:

assert_tag :tag => "div",
   :attributes => { :class => "results" },
   :children => { :count => 1,
   :only => { :tag => "div",
   :attributes => { :class => "catalogentry" }}}

  下面是完整的测试方法:

def test_search
  get :search, :title => "Pragmatic Version Control"
  assert_response :success
  assert_equal "Found 1 product(s).", flash[:notice]
  assert_template "search/results"
  products = assigns(:products)
  assert_not_nil products
  assert_equal 1, products.size
  assert_equal "Pragmatic Version Control", products[0].title
  assert_tag :tag => "div",
   :attributes => { :class => "results" },
   :children => { :count => 1,
   :only => { :tag => "div",
   :attributes => { :class => "catalogentry" }}}
 end 

  现在我们来运行测试:ruby test/functional/search_controller_test.rb

  不出意外,会得到下面的结果:

test_search(SearchControllerTest) [test/functional/search_controller_test.rb:17]:
<"Found 1 product(s)."> expected but was
<nil>.
1 tests, 2 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors

  因为我们还没有设置flash的内容,进一步说,我们还没有实现search这个Action。怎样实现,书上给留了个作业。OK,那我们就自己来一步步实现search的Action。

  1.    给search方法添加内容:

@products = Product.find(:all,:conditions=>['title=?',params[:title]])
  if not @products.nil?
   flash[:notice] = sprintf('Found %d product(s).',@products.size)
  end

  render(:action=>'results')现在运行测试,结果如下:

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1) Failure:

test_search(SearchControllerTest)
  [Z:/study/ruby/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack……
   Z:/study/ruby/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack……
   test/functional/search_controller_test.rb:19:in `test_search']:
expecting <"search/results"> but rendering with <"search/search">
1 tests, 3 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  2.    这次轮到assert_template "search/results"断言出错了,是因为我们还没有results这个View,我们在view目录下添加一个results.rhmtl文件,在search_controller.rb文件中添加一个results的空方法:

def results                
end

  还要在search方法中添加一句:render("search/results"),然后再运行测试,结果如下:

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Finished in 0.125 seconds.

  1) Failure:

test_search(SearchControllerTest)
  [Z:/study/ruby/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/…… Z:/study/ruby/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/……
expected tag, but no tag found matching {:attributes=>{:class=>"results"}, :tag=>"div",
"<h1>Search#results</h1>n<p>Find me in app/views/search/results.rhtml</p>n".
<nil> is not true.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  3.    现在可以看到,就只有最后一个断言assert_tag没有通过了,这个断言是对页面上的元素进行判断的,所以我们来实现results页面。仔细看看断言的内容,我们就知道只要在results.rhtml里添加两个div就可以了,下面是results.rhtml的完整内容:

<h1>Search#results</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/search/results.rhtml</p>
<div class="results">
  <div class = "catalogentry">
  </div>
</div>

  保存,然后再运行测试,激动人心的时刻来临了,所有的断言都通过了!测试OK了,下面是结果:

  ----------------------------------------------------------

DEPRECATION WARNING: You called render('search/result……
t Z:/study/ruby/InstantRails/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/g……
Finished in 0.094 seconds.
1 tests, 7 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors

  ----------------------------------------------------------

  4.    在实现search.rhtml和results.rhtml的时候,我碰到了一些问题,用测试用例都可以选出数据来,但是通过页面就怎么也不行了,把log里的sql贴出来到phpMyAdmin里执行,也能选出数据,真不知道是怎么回事,自己对rails的理解还不深,自己胡乱写了这些代码,先把代码都帖出来,等自己对rails有更深入的理解的时候看能不能找到问题。同时也请高人指点

  search_controller_test.rb:

require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../test_helper'
require 'search_controller'
# Re-raise errors caught by the controller.
class SearchController; def rescue_action(e) raise e end; end
class SearchControllerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
 fixtures :products
 def setup
  @controller = SearchController.new
  @request  = ActionController::TestRequest.new
  @response  = ActionController::TestResponse.new
 end
 def test_search
  get :search, :title => "Pragmatic Version Control"
  assert_response :success
  assert_equal "Found 1 product(s).", flash[:notice]
  assert_template "search/results"
  products = assigns(:products)
  assert_not_nil products
  assert_equal 1, products.size
  assert_equal "Pragmatic Version Control", products[0].title
  assert_tag :tag => "div",
   :attributes => { :class => "results" },
   :children => { :count => 1,
   :only => { :tag => "div",
   :attributes => { :class => "catalogentry" }}}
 end 
end
search_controller.rb
class SearchController < ApplicationController
 def search
  print(params[:title])
  @products = Product.find(:all,:conditions=>['title=?',params[:title]])
  if not @products.nil?
   flash[:notice] = sprintf('Found %d product(s).',@products.size)
  end
  print(flash[:notice])
  #redirect_to(:action=>'results')
  render(:action=>'results')
 end
 def results
 end
 def index
 end
end

  Views下有三个文件:index.rhtml,results.rhtml,search.rhtml

  index.rhtml:

<html>
<%= form_tag(:action=>'search',:id=>@products) %>
  <table>
      <tr>
          <td>Book title:</td>
          <td><%=text_field("title","")%></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
          <td><input type="submit" value="SEARCH" /></td>
      </tr>
  </table>
<%= end_form_tag %>
</html>

  results.rhtml:

<h1>Search#results</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/search/results.rhtml</p>
<div class="results">
  <div class = "catalogentry">
      <table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
      <tr class="carttitle">
          <td >title</td>
          <td >description</td>
          <td >price</td>
      </tr>
      <%
      printf("result:%d",@products.size)
      for product in @products
      -%>
          <tr>
              <td><%= product.title %></td>
              <td><%= product.description%></td>
              <td align="right"><%= fmt_dollars(product.price) %></td>
          </tr>
      <% end %>
  </table>
  </div>
</div>

  search.rhtml:

<html></html>