儿童Graves眼病的临床观察
【关键词】 Graves眼病;儿童;特征
Clinical observation of Graves ophthalmopathy in pediatric patients
【Abstract】 Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and the frequencies of treatment of children with Graves ophthalmopathy.Methods Retrospectively, patients 18 years or younger in Graves ophthalmopathy was diagnosed from 1994 to 2004.Results The 32 children with Graves ophthalmopathy included 25 girls (78.1%) and 7 boys (21.9%).At the time of initial ophthalmic exqmination,5 patients (15.6%) were hyperthyroid,1 patient (3.1%)was hypothyroid,and 26 patients (81.3%) were euthyroid.The mean age at diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was 13 years (range,3 to 18).The mean age at diagnosis of ophthalmopathy was 15 years (range,5 to 18).Twenty-eight patients (87.5%) required no therapy or only supportive theeyapy.One patient (3.1%) required eyelid surgery.Three patients (9.4%) underwent orbital decompression.At a mean follow-up 5 years (range,1~10) after the initial examination,one patient (3.1%) had undergone eye muscle surgery.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of Graves ophthalmopathy are relative less severe in pediatric patients.Surgical therapy is infrequently necessary.
【Key words】 Graves ophthalmopathy; pediatric patients; clinical features
儿童Graves眼病资料在国内中很少见到,本文将我院10年间收集到的一组病例资料报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 采用回顾性研究,收集我院1994~2004年间18岁和18岁以下诊断为Graves眼病的一组病例资料共32例,其中男7例(21.9%),女25例(78.1%)。初诊时5例患儿(15.6%)FT3、FT4、TSH检查超过正常,1例患儿(3.1%)结果低于正常,26例患儿(81.3%)结果正常。3例患儿(9.4%)其家庭成员中有Graves眼病,10例患儿(31.3%)其家族成员中有甲状腺功能障碍。
1.2 观察方法 每个患儿初诊时均做裂隙灯检查,检查上下睑位置和运动情况,检查眼球运动和做复像分析,测定眼压,测定眼球突出度,并拍眼眶CT片。追踪观察期内,每月随访检查1次。
2 结果
2.1 患儿的自觉症状 有眼部疼痛或不适、异物感、畏光、流泪、视力模糊、复视等。除复视外,其余症状均不稳定,因人而异,因时而异。
2.2 眼部体征 (1)眼睑退缩:29例为上睑退缩(90.6%),3例为下睑退缩(9.4%);(2)球结膜充血或水肿:15例阳性(46.9%);(3)上部角膜边缘浸润:5例阳性(15.6%);(4)眼球运动受限:9例阳性(28.1%);(5)眼球突出度:32例均有不同程度眼突(100%);(6)眼压:9例(28.1%)超过正常标准;(7)眼眶CT片:显示眼外肌肥大和视神经增粗的有5例(15.6%)。
2.3 病例情况 本组病例均采用对症,其中3例(9.4%)实施了眶脂减压术,1例(3.1%)实施了眼肌后退术,1例(3.1%)行Müller肌切除术。观察期内病情稳定。
3 讨论
Graves眼病是眼眶疾患中的一种常见疾病,其诊断标准和病情分级已有诸多学者描述过[1~5]。我们主要依据眼睑退缩、眼球突出和眼眶CT片中所显示的眼外肌肥大及视神经增粗来进行诊断。本组儿童病例属于1~4级,无5~6级严重病例出现。
本次病例只进行了对症治疗,未全身应用糖皮质激素,亦未应用过眼眶放射疗法,仅有5例(15.6%)分别做过眶脂减压、Müller肌切除和眼肌后退手术。未发现压迫性视神经病变病例,也未出现暴露性角膜炎情况。说明儿童Graves眼病临床表现相对来说较轻。
本组有3例患儿(9.4%)其家族成员中有Graves眼病,10例患儿(31.3%)其家庭成员有甲状腺功能障碍。该病与遗传的确切关系尚有待大宗病例资料进一步证实。
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3 Nucci P,Brancato R,Bandello F,et al.Normal exophthalmometric values in children.Am J Ophthalmol,1989,108:582-584.
4 吴中耀.眼肿瘤眼眶病学.北京:人民军医出版社,2002,464-500.
5 喻长泰,徐凤岚,曾宪武.糖皮质激素滴眼剂治疗Graves眼病的临床观察.临床眼科杂志,2004,12:344.











