在任务型教学中渗透爱的教育

来源:岁月联盟 作者:严芳兰 时间:2010-08-19
教学理念
新课程标准强调课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认识水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径,学生的综合语言运用能力,使语言学习的过程成为学生形成积极的情感态度,主动思维和大胆实践,提高跨文化意识和形成自主学习能力的过程。
基础阶段英语课程的任务是:激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,使学生树立自信心,养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略,发展自主学习的能力和合作精神;使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能,形成一定的综合语言运用能力;培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象力和创新精神。
教学设计
1、教学思路:
英语新课程标准强调课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认识水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径, 发展学生的综合语言运用能力,使语言学习的过程成为学生形成积极的情感态度,主动思维和大胆实践。因此本课采用任务型的教学途径,每一教学步骤都创设问题情景或布置任务,为学生提供尽可能多的机会,发挥学生学习的主动性和创造性.
教育学家别林斯基说:“有许多种的教育与发展,而且其中每一种都具有自己的重要性,不过道德教育在它们当中应该首屈。”因此在课堂教学中渗透爱的情感教育正是素质教育的体现,是促进学生全面发展的保证。教学中教师可以运用移情原理,让学生受到情景的暗示和感染,引发学生亲自实践的真切体验,设身处地感知情景里角色的身份和遭遇,激起情感上的共鸣与契合,又在情景巨大导引效应中将感知对象的喜怒哀乐潜移默化地转化为自己的真挚情感。所以在备课的过程中,我特别注意设计时思考如何既让学生感兴趣,爱学语言,又能启发他们关爱家人,关心同学,关怀弱势群体的情感。
2、教学手段
注重创设语境,采用“任务型”的教学途径。在教学过程中, 使用调查表,使采访更具真实性和直观性;小组合作学习,小组之间进行竞赛,这样既落实了教学重点又具有竞争性,还可以促进学生间的合作、沟通和交流。
教材分析
第25单元的话题是Likes and dislikes,围绕着这一中心话题,设计了各种食物及水果的插图和不同形式的表格,让学生进行阅读、问答、对话和看图或表格提问等各种活动。本课为第97课,也是本单元的第一课,其语法重点是围绕交际功能项目,以like这个动词的一般现在时句型变化教学新的语法项目,课文首先复习的是like后面直接跟宾语,如:Do you like rice? 然后通过一段小短文引出后面加不定式的句型,如:They like to eat different things. She likes to have rice for every meal.等。同时在第一部分,课文通过问答的方式询问了学生喜欢的食物和饮料,练习了有关喜欢程度的几种表达方法,如:like。。。very much, like。。。a little, don’t like。。。at all.
教学目标
1  Enable the Ss to master the words and the patterns.
2 Enable the Ss to master the Statement and Question forms of the Simple Present Tense.
3 Enable the Ss to express their likes and dislikes.
4 Strengthen the Ss’ability to care others.
教学内容
1  words: different, kind, meal,noodle, vegetable
2  patterns:
Do you like rice?  Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Li Shan likes rice a lot. But she doesn’t like meat at all.
教学重点
1 Ss can use the Statement and Question forms of the Simple Present Tense correctly.
2 Ss know how to care others.
教学难点
Ss know how to care others.
教学用具
    recorder, tape, computer, textbook, chalk, Bb, paper
课堂实录
Step 1.Warming-up:
Brainstorm.
T:Boys and girls, you know food and drink are very important in our lives. Without them we can’t live. There are many different kinds of food and drink in the market. Could you tell me what kind of food and drink you often eat and drink?
Ss:rice,bread,cake, noodle,dumpling,apple, banana, peach, grape, milk, orange, coffee 。。。
学生们的反应非常热烈,在看到多媒体屏幕上呈现出他们说到的食物和饮料时都很开心。
设计意图:在Unit19学生已学了很多Food and drink的名词,有的孩子课外也认识了一些新词汇,采用Brainstorm,可以促使学生们积极思考,发散学生的思维,使其不限于课堂。它激起了学生学习英语的热情和兴趣,促使他们产生一种探求知识的渴望,同时它也使全体学生进入良好的准备状态。
Step 2.Presentation。
T: You are great!I’m glad you can remember so many words about food and drink. But, do you know how to read and spell the new kinds of food and drink in English? (Teacher shows the pictures of hot dog, noodles and vegetables on the computer.)
Ss begin to read  the new words:hot dog, noodle, vegetable 
T teaches the phrase: a kind of/different kinds of, every meal
Step 3. Learn the Question forms of the SPT.
T shows noodles on the computer. 再展示三个体形各异(一个圆滚滚,一个不胖不瘦,一个纤细如柳)的孩子正对着面条做出惊喜、无所谓和生气的表情。
T: Does the boy like noodles?
Ss: Yes, he does.
T: How much does he like noodles?
Ss: I think he likes them very much.
T: Does the girl like noodles?
Ss: Yes, she does.
T: How much does she like noodles?
Ss: I think she likes them a little.
T: Does the little girl like noodles?
Ss: No, she doesn’t like them at all.
把very much, a little, not。。。at all呈现在那三个不同表情的孩子旁边。接下来询问学生对面条及其他食物或饮料的喜好,教学一般现在时的疑问句式。
Step 4.Practice.
Lead-in.
 T:Do you know what food and drink your classmates like a lot or a little and what they don’t like at all.
 Ss:No!
T: Let’s interview some of your classmates. Please remember to care the students who are not your good friends.
Ss: Yeah.
T(将准备好的表格发给学生):Please finish the forms.
Name:____ very much a little   at all
food  
    fruit  
drink  
让学生采访至少四个平时并不是经常在一起玩的同学,然后在全班进行汇报。T:下面我们来听听大家的采访情况.
(Ss put up their hands and were anxious to express them)
S1: I want to tell you something about Song zhuobin. He is from Anhui, so he likes noodles and dumplings very much. His family  often make and eat them at home. You know, he is here for 5 years. So he likes rice a little. But he doesn’t like Chou tofu.(听到臭豆腐其他学生大笑) 
Then the teacher asks another 4 Ss to talk about their forms。
设计意图:利用表格让学生先进行相互采访,进一步练习Do you like。。。句型,然后让学生汇报采访对象的饮食爱好。这一活动我采用了交际策略和调控策略,促使学生在活动中将所学内容加以应用,这将加深其语言运用能力。让学生采访平时并不是经常在一起玩的同学是为了提供交流机会,增进他们之间的了解,促进友谊。通过教学实践证明,这个活动使本课难点更易突破,而且学生的新鲜感更强。
Step 5.Learn the Statement forms of the SPT.
先把Li Shan’s family介绍给大家,接下来播放录音材料,学生一边听一边把重要的信息记录下来。最后回答老师的下列问题:
1. What does Li Shan like to eat?
2. What food doesn’t she like at all?
3. Where is her father from?  And what does her father like?
4. What does her mother like?
在学生举手抢答了这些问题后,老师要求学生谈一谈他们父母亲的饮食习惯。先在小组里说,要求基础好的同学多帮助基础差的伙伴。然后从低到高请语言水平各异的同学分别发言。如成绩一直处于班级中等水平的何于加同学在同伴的帮助下,较成功地做出了以下陈述:
I’m from a family of four people. My family like different kinds of food. My granny is very old, and her teeth are not good. So she likes tofu very much. My father is from here, Jiaxing. So he likes sweet food a lot. My mother comes from Hunan. She doesn’t like sweet food at all. But she likes hot food very very much. What kind of food do I like? Do you know? Oh, I like sweet and hot food only a little. Nanhuling(南湖菱) is my favourite food.
设计意图: a小组合作,以好带差,增强学习上暂差生的自信,同时使成绩好的学生的优势得以发挥,加强学生的合作意识,促进他们的共同进步。
b让学生谈论自己的父亲母亲的饮食爱好是为了检测孩子们对父母的关心程度,通过学生间的沟通交流,学生自发反省自己的行为,在今后生活中加强孝心。
Step 6. Strengthen the Statement and Question forms of the SPT
T:I think we are lucky people because we are never short of food and drink. But look at the people in the pictures carefully. Their lives are very different from ours. Do you think they like their work, school and lives? Do they often  eat meat, dumplings, hamburgers and drink different kinds of drinks?
老师一边说一边在电脑上呈现从网上下载的2004年感动、令人看了潸然泪下的不同人群的生存状态(标题为“慈心关怀众生”)的图片,第一幅为已经满头白发,步履蹒跚的老奶奶从山上背下像小山一样的柴火,沉重的负荷压得老人气喘嘘嘘,脸色通红;第二幅出现的是劳动号子下一群光着膀子,吃力地拽着绳索的纤夫,瘦骨嶙峋的身上青茎清晰可见;第三幅呈现的是一个刚刚从井下劳作回来,浑身漆黑,满脸疲惫,手里却紧握着一根细小的木棒,背上背着重重的一筐煤正艰难前行的煤矿工人;第四幅画面是一场狂风暴雨中一个淋得浑身湿透,却吃力地蹬着车的妈妈级的黄包车司机;第五幅拍摄的是一群大小不一但都属于上学年龄的孩子背着装草的筐子在山上劳动的情形;第六幅展示的是在露天教室下,一群衣裳褴褛的乡村孩子正在认真学习的情景。
看完图片后要求学生两人一组任意选出两幅来讨论,讨论中尽量使用有关like的陈述句式和疑问句式,最后请学生代表谈谈自己的感受。如下面展示了王梅佳和姚惠冬之间的对话:
W:Look at Picture 1. The granny is very old but she has to carry so heavy things. Does she like it?
Y:Of course not. Do you like to carry so many heavy things with your back?
W: I don’t like it at all. I think the granny is very tired. Why doesn’t she stay at home and have a good rest?
Y: I think she is short of money.
W: Money? What a pity! If I have a lot of money, I will help her.
Y: You are a kind girl. Oh, look at the children in Picture 5. Do they like working?
W: They are the same age with us. Yao huidong, do you like working in a factory instead of studying at school?
Y: No, I don’t like it at all. I think the children also want to go back to their school.
W: Can we do something to help them? What about saving some money to post them?
Y: Good idea! Let’s ask more students to join us.
W: Yeah! The more, the better.
设计意图: 这六张图片的展示是为了设置语言情景让学生形成一种对比,对比自己的生活环境和学习环境与图中人物的巨大反差,从而引发学生说的激情;要求使用有关like的陈述句式和疑问句式,是为了更具体更有效地强调所学重点;同时这些图片让学生感受到了生活的多面性和真实性,明了了长辈们劳作的艰辛,触动了孩子们的灵魂,使得他们懂得关爱家人,关心同学,关怀弱势群体并且激励他们珍惜自己所拥有的条件,努力学习。
Step 7. Assign the homework。
1. Get Ss to think of a way to show their love to their parents.
2. Do something to help the people who are in trouble.
教学反思
    国际委员会向联合国教科文组织提交的《教育—--财富蕴藏其中》报告中,将“学会求知、学会共处、学会关心、学会做人”作为未来教育的四大支柱。其中“学会关心”对当代中国的教育意义重大。针对当前“独生子女”普遍存在的“自我中心”倾向,有必要对学生进行爱的教育,使得他们关爱家人、关心同学、关怀弱势群体,这样才能实现教育的全面。这也就是说:外语教学必须“以人为本”,树立学生的主体意识,造就学生的独立人格。
所以教师在教学过程中,应该将学生看作是有思想、有个性、有灵性的血肉之躯,关注唤醒、鼓励、鼓舞学生内在的需要和潜能的教育;在进行教学设计时要注意挖掘教材中蕴藏的心理健康教育内容,充分运用教育手段拓宽学生视野,激发学生学习兴趣,调动学生学习积极性,启发学生进行发散思维,增强学生的个性心理品质,潜移默化地使得他们懂得生活的意义,明确人生目标和方向,努力前进。
通过这堂课我也明白了这样一个道理:外语教学中考虑的重点不再应该是“我们该教些什么?让我们设计一个大纲、一套教材来教这些内容”,而应该是:(1)促进外语习得的条件是什么?(2)我们如何在外语教学课堂中创造这些条件?
  

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2.教育部《全日制义务教育英语课程标准(实验稿)》 北京师范大学出版社   2001年