RSV毛细支气管炎RANTES MIP-1α IL-8水平变化及相关性研究

来源:岁月联盟 作者: 时间:2010-07-14

               作者:董琳 陈小芳 周晓聪 林剑 李锦燕 张伟 

【摘要】    目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(简称RSV毛支)RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8的动态变化及相关性。 方法 RSV毛支组26例为住院的RSV毛细支气管炎患儿,年龄1.5~11.0个月;对照组为14例择期手术患儿,年龄5.4~15.1个月。应用ELISA法分别检测RSV毛支组急性期和恢复期鼻咽分泌物RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8浓度。 结果 对照组鼻咽分泌物未测到RANTES和MIP-1α,测得低水平的IL-8;RSV毛细支气管炎患儿急性期RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8明显高于对照组;恢复期RANTES、IL-8下降,但仍高于对照组;MIP-1α恢复期和急性期差异无显著性(P>0.05),但高于对照组(P<0.001)。RANTES与MIP-1α、IL-8及MIP-1α与IL-8间有正相关关系。 结论 RSV毛细支气管炎患儿RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8明显升高,提示趋化因子可能在RSV感染的气道炎症中起重要作用。

【关键词】  趋化因子 鼻咽分泌物 毛细支气管炎 呼吸道合胞病毒

  【Abstract】Objectives  To explore the dynamic change of RANTES. MIP-1α and IL-8 in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and their correlation . Methods  Twenty-six children aged 1.5~11.0(4.7±2.6)month hospitalized with bronchiolitis were enrolled as patient group. RSV infection diagnosis was based on direct immunofluorescence assay in NPS. Forteen children aged 5.4~15.1 month undergoing surgical operation were served as control subjects. NPS samples were collected from patients at acute stage and recovery stage respectively. All samples were analyzed for RANTES. MIP-1α and IL-8 levels with ELISA. Results    RANTES and MIP-1αconcentrations were not detected in NPS samples from control patients. Only low levels of IL-8 were detected. Levels of RANTES.MIP-1α and IL-8 were significantly greater in samples obtained from patients at acute stage than those of control children. Levels of RANTES and IL-8 decreased significantly in patients at recovery stage and were greater than those in controls. Levels of MIP-1α in patients at recovery stage had no difference compared with those at acute stage, but were still higher than those in controls. Moreover, RANTES levels positively correlated both with MIP-1α and IL-8 levels; Positive correlation between MIP-1α and IL-8 levels was also apparent. Conclusion  NPS concentrations of RANTES.MIP-1α and IL-8 in children with RSV bronchiolitis increase significantly, which suggests an important role for chemokines in the airway inflammation induced by RSV.

  【Key words】Chemokines  Nasopharyngeal secretion  Bronchiolitis  Respiratory syncytial virus   

  呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(简称RSV毛支)是2岁以下婴幼儿最常见的下呼吸道感染,RSV感染可趋化和募集中性粒细胞、嗜酸细胞等炎症细胞至气道局部并使之激活,从而引发气道炎症并导致气道高反应性(AHR)[1],但其调节机制尚未明确。研究显示, RSV感染的气道上皮细胞能分泌调节活化正常T细胞的表达和分泌蛋白(RANTES)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)及白介素-8(IL-8)[2];RSV感染患儿趋化因子亦升高,但临床意义仍有待阐明[3]。作者曾率先报道了RSV毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL-8升高,结果对于了解RSV感染时气道炎症及中性粒细胞活化有价值[4]。鉴于鼻咽分泌物(NPS)比血清更能反映气道局部的炎症,本资料动态检测RSV毛细支气管炎患儿NPS 中RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8水平,并分析它们的相关性,以探讨其在气道炎症中的作用及临床价值。

  1  资料与方法

  1.1  一般资料

  RSV毛支组:2004年1月至2004年9月期间,因毛细支气管炎入住本院呼吸科病房,经鼻咽分泌物直接免疫荧光法检测RSV抗原确诊为RSV感染的患儿26例,男22例,女4例;年龄1.5~11.0个月。对照组:为14例行心导管术及疝气修补术的患儿,男9例,女5例;年龄5.4~15.1个月,均无变态反应疾病史。

  1.2  标本采集 

  RSV毛支组分别在入院24h内及病程10d后(恢复期)、对照组仅在入院24h内收集鼻咽分泌物,无菌吸痰管负压吸引0.5ml分泌物于2ml生理盐水中,打散粘液后, 1500r/min离心10min,上清液置-70℃冰箱保存待检。

  1.3  鼻咽分泌物RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8检测 

  采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),操作按说明书进行。

  1.4  统计学处理 

  应用SPSS for windows10.0软件,因数据为非正态分布,结果以中位数(Median)和四分位数间距(QR)表示,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H 检验,相关性分析采用Spearman 等级相关法。

  2  结果

    组鼻咽分泌物趋化因子水平比较见表1。对照组未测到RANTES及MIP-1α,可测得低水平的IL-8;RSV毛细支气管炎组急性期RANTES、MIP-1α及IL-8均明显升高,与对照组相比,差异有非常显著意义。3种趋化因子的相关性分析呈正相关关系,见表2。表1  各组鼻咽分泌物趋化因子水平比较(略)表2  3种趋化因子的相关性分析(略)注:*P<0.05;**P<0.01

  3  讨论

    趋化因子是一组结构相似、以趋化循环炎症细胞为主要功能的小分子细胞因子家族,能调控组织的炎症反应,分为CC、CXC、C及CX3C 4个亚家族, IL-8属CXC亚家族,是最强的中性粒细胞趋化因子;CC亚家族成员RANTES和MIP-1α是单核细胞、嗜酸细胞等的趋化因子。研究显示,RSV 感染小鼠肺泡灌洗液中RANTES和MIP-1αmRNA及蛋白水平以剂量依赖形式升高,且与肺部炎症强度平行;耗竭MIP-1α基因的小鼠肺部炎症显著减轻,表明RSV可通过产生趋化因子而诱发肺部炎症,趋化因子与RSV感染的发病机制密切相关[5]。BALB/c小鼠RSV感染时肺部RANTES水平与病理改变密切相关,证实其是RSV炎症的重要介质[6]。

    本资料结果显示,RSV毛细支气管炎患儿急性期鼻咽分泌物RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8均明显升高,与报道一致[3]。IL-8可能通过募集、趋化中性粒细胞至气道局部,从而引发脱颗粒,释放毒性物质;RANTES和MIP-1α则可募集、激活嗜酸细胞等炎症细胞,释放炎症介质,形成瀑布效应,导致BHR,从而在RSV气道炎症中发挥重要作用。

    导致该病趋化因子产生增多的原因,可能与RSV复制使核转录因子NF-κB的抑制剂IκB蛋白水解,激活NF-κB,从而诱发细胞反应有关[7]。BALB/c 小鼠RSV感染可激活肺组织中调节趋化因子表达和肺部炎症的关键因子-多亚单位IκB激酶(IKK),IKK可能是将来RSV感染的靶标[8]。本结果显示,RANTES与MIP-1α、IL-8及MIP-1α与IL-8之间均呈正相关,提示上述趋化因子的基因表达可能均受NF-κB调控,NF-κB在RSV感染的免疫调控中起关键作用。恢复期3种趋化因子虽有所降低,但仍高于对照组,尤其是MIP-1α仍升高,表明患儿虽临床症状、体征已缓解,但气道炎症仍未完全消退。Jafri 等[9]报道,RSV感染小鼠的气道阻塞可持续42d,气道炎症和BHR可持续154d;由于RANTES可加重小鼠RSV感染后的气道变态反应炎症,而抗RANTES抗体在体外可阻断炎症细胞的募集,减少趋化因子产生,减轻BHR[10]。因而,RSV毛细支气管炎RANTES、MIP-1α、IL-8升高,为应用抗趋化因子抗体治疗提供了理论依据。由于鼻咽部高水平的RANTES可预测RSV毛细支气管炎后1年内反复喘息的发生[11]。故有关趋化因子与发病后反复喘息及哮喘的关系,需进一步研究。

【文献】
    1 Dakhama A, Park JW, Taube C, et al. Alteration of airway neuropeptide expression and development of airway hyperresponsiveness following respiratory syncytial virus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2005,288 (4):761~770.

  2 Olszewska-Pazdrak B, Casola A, Saito T, et al. Cell-specific expression of RANTES, MCP-1 and MIP-1αby lower airway epithelial cells and eosinophils infected with respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol, 1998, 72 (6): 4756~4764.

  3 Sheeran P, Jafri H, Carubelli C, et al. Elevated cytokine concentrations in the nasopharyngeal and tracheal secretions of children with respiratory syncytial virus disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 1999,18 (2): 115~122.

  4 董琳, 黄达枢, 陈小芳, 等. 呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎血清几种细胞因子水平变化及其意义. 中华儿科杂志, 1996, 34 (6):409.

  5 Haeberle HA, Kuziel WA, Dieterich HJ, et al. Inducible expression of inflammatory chemokines in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice: role of MIP-1alpha in lung pathology. J Virol, 2001,75 (2):878~890.

  6 Tekkannat KK, Maassab H, Miller A, et al. RANTES (CCL5) production during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection exacerbates airway disease. Eur J Immunol, 2002,32 (11):3276~3284.

  7 Tian B, Zhang Y, Luxon BA, et al. Identification of NF-kappaB-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. J Virol, 2002, 76 (13): 6800~6814.

  8 Helene AH, Antonella Casola, Zoran Gatalica, et al. IκB kinase is a critical regulator of chemokine expression and lung inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Virol, 2004, 78 (5): 2232~2241.

  9 Jafri HS, Chavez-Bueno S, Mejias A, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus induces pneumonia, cytokine response, airway obstruction, and chronic inflammatory infiltrates associated with long-term airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. J Infect Dis, 2004, 189 (10):1856~1865.

  10 John AE, Berlin AA, Lukacs NW. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced CCL5/RANTES contributes to exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol, 2003, 33 (6):1677~1685.

  11 Chung HL, Kim SG. RANTES may be predictive of later recurrent wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2002,88 (50):463~467.