股神经阻滞用于股骨干骨折术前镇痛临床观察

来源:岁月联盟 作者: 时间:2010-07-13

          作者:李建雄,张晨阳,张翠清,徐志强 

【摘要】  目的 观察股神经阻滞对股骨干骨折患者术前搬动时的镇痛效果,为骨折患者术前提供更安全、有效的镇痛方法。方法 股骨干骨折患者30例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,手术当天随机分为三组。Ⅰ组常规肌注苯巴比妥0.1 g;Ⅱ组肌注哌替啶50 mg,异丙嗪25 mg;Ⅲ组用2%利多卡因15 ml 行股神经阻滞。分别于搬动时进行视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 VAS评分III组明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),Ⅱ组明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。结论 股神经阻滞对股骨干骨折患者的镇痛完善,并且操作简单易行,安全性高。

【关键词】  股骨干骨折;股神经阻滞;术前镇痛

  Clinical Observation of Preoperative Analgesia on Femoral Shaft Fracture with Femoral Nerve Block

  Abstract: Objective  To study the analgetic effect of femoral nerve block on the patients with fresh femoral shaft fractures when they are being moved before operation and to solve the analgetic problem of preoperative patients of fractures in a safer and more effective way.Methods  Thirty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱpatients with femoral shaft fracture were divided at random into three groups at the operating day: the first were routinely given sodium luminal 0.1g intramuscularly; the second were given meperidine hydrochloride 50mg and promethazine hydrochloride 25mg intramuscularly, and the third were treated by femoral nerve block using 2% lidocaine 15ml. All the three groups were performed the VAS pain scoreing when being moved.Results  There were significant difference in the VAS scores among the three groups: the VAS score of the third group was distinctly lower than that of the second, and the score of the second was much lower than that of the first (P<0.01).Conclusion  The femoral never block is a good method to the control of limb pain when the patients with femoral shaft fracture are being moved before operation. Additionally, it can be used easily and safely.

  Key  words: femoral shaft fracture; femoral nerve block; preoperative analgesia

    外伤病人术前疼痛的还未引起足够重视,报道也很少。股骨干骨折病人麻醉前搬动或摆麻醉体位时非常痛苦,为此,我们观察了两种方法进行术前镇痛,并与传统的术前准备进行比较,其中,股神经阻滞方法简单易行,镇痛效果最好。

  1  资料与方法

  1.1  一般资料 

  股骨干骨折病人30例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,择期拟在硬膜外麻醉下行切开复位内固定术,其中男24例,女6例。年龄16~70岁。根据入院顺序用随机数法分为三组,每组10例。

  1.2  镇痛方法 

  Ⅰ组常规肌注苯巴比妥0.1 g;Ⅱ组肌注哌替啶50 mg,异丙嗪25mg;Ⅲ组肌注苯巴比妥0.1 g 后,用2%利多卡因10 ml与0.75%布比卡因5 ml 混合液行股神经阻滞。股神经阻滞方法:仰卧,在腹股沟韧带下方扪及股动脉搏动,用手指将其推向内侧,在其外缘做皮丘,与皮肤呈45°向头侧刺入,出现异感后回抽无血液,即可注入局麻药,同时在穿刺点远端加压[1]。股神经阻滞10 min 后开始搬动病人。

  1.3  分别于病房搬动时、手术室搬动时、摆麻醉体位时进行视觉模拟评分(VAS)法,由专人进行疼痛评分,0分为无痛,10分为极度难忍疼痛。

  1.4  统计分析 

  数据以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间资料采用t检验,P<0.05认为差异有显著性。

  2  结果

  2.1  三组病人年龄、术前血压、脉搏,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。

  2.2  三组病人在病房搬动、手术室搬动、摆麻醉体位时的VAS评分差异具有非常显著的意义,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅰ组,Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅱ组。详见表1。表1  三组病人VAS评分结果(略)

  3  讨论

    骨折病人手术前镇痛措施很少,大部分病人采用口服止痛剂镇痛,少数病人靠肌注哌替啶镇痛,大多数病人的镇痛效果欠佳。在股骨干骨折手术病人的术前搬动和摆体位中,病人疼痛剧烈,不能忍受。股神经由第2至第4腰脊神经组成,肌支支配大腿前肌群,皮支分布于大腿前面,小腿内侧面和足内侧缘的皮肤。股神经阻滞后,能极大地减轻股骨干骨折病人的痛苦。在股骨干骨折的手术病人中,我们观察了行股神经阻滞和肌注哌替啶、异丙嗪的两组病人,并与传统的术前准备方法进行了比较。结果发现,股神经阻滞病人镇痛完善,在术前搬动和摆麻醉体位时VAS评分在0~3分,并且操作简单易行,安全性高;肌注哌替啶、异丙嗪的病人镇痛较好,VAS评分大多数在4~7分,部分病人血压波动大,有镇静过度和嗜睡现象;而不进行疼痛的常规准备组,VAS评分在7~10分,在搬动和摆体位时,病人痛苦剧烈,常需要停止搬动,休息片刻来缓解疼痛。

【】
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